Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{redirect|Batir|the commune in Cimişlia district, Moldova|Batîr}} '''Baghatur''' (Mongolian: {{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠦᠷ}} ''Baghatur/Ba'atur'' (Modern Mongolian: Ба..."

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Yeni sayfa: "{{redirect|Batir|the commune in Cimişlia district, Moldova|Batîr}} '''Baghatur''' (Mongolian: {{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠦᠷ}} ''Baghatur/Ba'atur'' (Modern Mongolian: Ба..."

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'''Baghatur''' (Mongolian: {{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠦᠷ}} ''Baghatur/Ba'atur'' (Modern Mongolian: Баатар ''Baatar''), Turkish: [[Bağatur]]/Batur/Bahadır, Russian: [[Bogatyr]]) is a historical [[Turco-Mongol]] honorific title,<ref>Ed. Herbert Franke and others - ''The Cambridge History of China'': Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710-1368, p.567</ref> in origin a term for "[[hero]]" or "valiant warrior". The Papal envoy [[Plano Carpini]] compared the title with the equivalent of European Knighthood.<ref>James Chambers ''The Devil's horsemen: the Mongol invasion of Europe'', p.107</ref>

The etymology of this word is uncertain, although the first syllable is very likely the [[Iranian languages|Iranian]] title word [[Bey|*bag]] "god, lord".<ref name="Beckwith387">{{harvnb|Beckwith|2009|p=387}}</ref> The term was first used by the steppe peoples to the north and west ([[Mongolia]]) of China as early as the 7th century as evidenced in [[Sui dynasty]] records.<ref>C. Fleischer, ''"Bahādor"'', in ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]''</ref><ref>Grousset 194.</ref> It is attested for the [[Göktürk Khanate]] in the 8th century, and among the [[Bulgars]] of the [[First Bulgarian Empire]] in the 9th century.

The word was common among the Mongols and became especially widespread, as an honorific title, in [[Genghis Khan]]'s [[Mongol Empire]] in the 13th century; the title persisted in its successor-states, and later came to be adopted also as a [[regnal title]] in the [[Ilkhanate]], in [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] dynasties etc.

The word was also introduced into many non-Turkic languages as a result of the Turco-Mongol conquests, and now exists in different forms such as {{lang-bg|Багатур (Bagatur)|links=no}}, {{lang-ru|Богатырь ([[Bogatyr]])|links=no}}, Polish ''[[:pl:Bohater|Bohater]]'' (meaning "hero"), {{lang-hu|Bátor|links=no}} (meaning "brave"), [[Persian language|Persian]] ''Bahador'', [[Georgian language|Georgian]] ''Bagatur'', and [[Hindustani language|Hindi]] ''Bahadur''.

It is also preserved in the modern Turkic and Mongol languages as Turkish ''Batur/Bahadır'', [[Tatar language|Tatar]] and [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] ''Батыр (Batyr)'', [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] ''Batyr'' and [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] ''Baatar'' (as in [[Ulan Bator|Ulaanbaatar]]).

The concept of the Baghatur has its roots in Turco-Mongolian folklore. Like the [[Bogatyrs]] of Russian myth, Baghaturs were heroes of extraordinary courage, fearlessness, and decisiveness, often portrayed as being descended from heaven and capable of performing extraordinary deeds. Baghatur was the heroic ideal Turco-Mongolian warriors strove to live up to, hence its use as a military honorific of glory.
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==List of individuals with this title==
The term '''Baghatur''' and its variants – '''Bahadur''', '''Bagatur''', or '''Baghadur''', was adopted by the following historical individuals:
*[[Modu Chanyu|Modu]], the founding [[chanyu]] of the [[Xiongnu]] empire.
*[[Baghatur Khagan]], [[Khagan]] of the [[Khazars]], c. 760.
*Bagatur Bagaina Sevar, 9th century commander in [[First Bulgarian Empire]]
*[[Alogobotur]], 10th century commander in the First Bulgarian Empire
*[[Yesugei]], the father of [[Genghis Khan]], is called Yesugei Baghatur
*The Mongol general [[Subutai]] is referred to in the ''[[Secret History of the Mongols]]'' as ''baghatur''.
*[[Ilkhan]] [[Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan]] took the title Ba'atur after his name for his victory over the rebellion of the Mongol Keraits in Iran.<ref>http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-said-bahador-khan</ref>
*[[Bayan of the Merkid]], the Grand councillor of the Yuan dynasty, was awarded Baghatur for his merit during the Ogedeid-Yuan conflict.<ref>Ed. Herbert Franke and others - ''The Cambridge History of China'': Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710-1368, p.568</ref>
*Two [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperors were named Bahadur Shah: [[Bahadur Shah I]] and [[Bahadur Shah Zafar II]].
*[[Banda Singh Bahadur]], great [[Sikh]] warrior and general
*[[Altani]], heroine
*[[Stephen Báthory|Stephen IX Báthory]] (1533–1586), Prince of Transylvania and King of Poland.
*[[Erdeni Batur]], founder of the [[Dzungar Khanate]].
*[[Abulghazi Bahadur|Abulghazi]], ruler of the [[Khanate of Khiva]], had the title of Bahadur Khan. He wrote the famous epic of the Mongols called the genealogical tree of the Mongols (or General history of Tatars).
*[[Khengarji III|Maharajadhiraj Mirza Maharao Sri Sir Khengarji III Sawai Bahadur]] - the ruler of [[Kutch]], was the first ruler of Princely State of Cutch to be given title of Sawai Bahadur.
*[[Vijayaraji|H.H. Maharajadhiraj Mirza Maharao Sri Vijayaraji Khengarji Sawai Bahadur]] - the ruler of [[Kutch]], used Bahadur as a hereditary title.
*[[Madansinhji|H.H. Maharajadhiraj Mirza Maharao Sri Madansinhji Vijayaraji Sawai Bahadur]] - the ruler of [[Kutch]], used Bahadur as a hereditary title.
*Field Marshal [[Sam Manekshaw]], the second Indian soldier to be so honored, was known as "Sam Bahadur."
*[[Ospan Batyr]]

==See also==
* [[Alıp]]
* [[Alpawıt]]
* [[Bahadır]]
* [[Mete]]
* [[Metehan]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book |last=Beckwith |first=Christopher I. |author-link=Christopher I. Beckwith |date=16 March 2009 |title=Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5jG1eHe3y4EC |location= |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |page= |isbn=0691135894 |access-date=30 May 2015 |ref=harv}}
*[[Brook, Kevin Alan]]. ''The Jews of Khazaria.'' 2nd ed. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2006.
*Grousset, R. ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia''. Rutgers Univ. Press, 1988.
*Saunders, J. ''The History of the Mongol Conquests''. Univ. of Penn. Press, 2001.

[[Category:Turkish titles]]
[[Category:Honorary titles]]
[[Category:Mongol Empire]]
[[Category:Bulgarian noble titles]]

Baghatur - Değişiklik geçmişi

Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{redirect|Batir|the commune in Cimişlia district, Moldova|Batîr}} '''Baghatur''' (Mongolian: {{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠦᠷ}} ''Baghatur/Ba'atur'' (Modern Mongolian: Ба..."