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2017-03-26T17:12:06Z

Yeni sayfa: "{{Infobox royalty | name = Chagatai Khan | title = Khan of the Chagatai Khanate | image = Chagatai Khan.JPG | caption..."

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{{Infobox royalty
| name = Chagatai Khan
| title = [[Khan (title)|Khan]] of the [[Chagatai Khanate]]
| image = Chagatai Khan.JPG
| caption = Statue of Chagatai Khan in [[Mongolia]]
| given name = Chagatai
| othertitles =
| succession = [[List of Chagatai khans|Chagatai Dynasty]]
| reign = 1226 – 1241-42
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Genghis Khan]]
| successor = [[Qara Hülëgü]]
| spouse = Yesulun Khatun<br>Togan Khatun<br>Sevinch Khatun
| spouse-type = Consort
| issue = [[Mutukan]] <br> [[Baidar]]<br>[[Yesü Möngke]]
| house = [[Borjigin]]
| house-type = Clan
| father = [[Genghis Khan]]
| mother = [[Börte|Börte Ujin]]
| birth_date = 22 December 1183
| death_date = 1 July 1242 (aged 58)
| death_place = [[Almaligh]]
| religion = [[Tengriism]]
| temple name =
| posthumous name =
|}}

'''Chagatai Khan''' ({{lang-tr|Çağatay}}; [[Persian language|Persian]]: {{Nastaliq|جغتای}}: ''Joghatai'' , {{lang-mn|Цагадай}}, ''Tsagadai''; 22 December 1183 – 1 July 1242) was the second son of [[Genghis Khan]]. He was Khan of the [[Chagatai Khanate]] from 1226-1242 C.E.<ref name="books.google">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=1pkeWqq7pdgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia: The Tarikh-i-Rashidi|author=[[Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat]], N. Elias, Sir [[Edward Denison Ross]]|date=31 Dec 2008|publisher=Cosimo, Inc., |location=|isbn=9781605201504|page=|pages=696 |accessdate=2013-01-20}}</ref> The [[Chagatai language]] and [[Chagatai people|Chagatai Turks]] take their names from him. He inherited most of what are now the five [[Central Asia]]n states after the death of his father.<ref name="books.google" /> He was also appointed by Genghis Khan to oversee the execution of the [[Yassa]], the written code of law created by Genghis Khan, though that lasted only until Genghis Khan was crowned Khan of the [[Mongol Empire]].<ref name="books.google" /> The Empire later came to be known as the [[Chagatai Khanate]], a descendant empire of the [[Mongol Empire]]. Chagatai Khan was considered hot-headed and somewhat temperamental by his relatives, because of his attitude of non-acceptance of [[Jochi]] as [[Great Khan]].<ref name="books.google" /> He was the most vocal about this issue among his relations. Chaghatai himself appears to have been a just and energetic governor, though perhaps rough and uncouth, and addicted to hard drinking.<ref name="books.google" /> At any rate, he was animated by the soldier-like spirit of his father, and succeeded in keeping order among as heterogeneous a population as a kingdom was ever composed of.<ref name="books.google" />

==Administration and religious tolerance==
[[File:Flag of Chagatai khanate.svg|thumb|Flag of Chaghtai Khan.]]
[[File:ChagataiKhanate1300.png|thumb|left|Map of Chaghtai Khan's rule.]]

In 1232, when sedition showed itself at [[Bukhara]], he acted with promptness, if with severity, and saved his country from a far-reaching calamity.<ref name="books.google" /> He was, in all probability, an old-fashioned Mongol, for he stood by the [[Yassa]] and that he showed little favour to what was, at that time in his dominions, the comparatively new and rising religion of [[Islam]].<ref name="books.google" /> He must, however, have been fairly tolerant, for it is recorded that his minister for [[Transoxiana]] was a Muslim, called the Jumilat-ul-Mulk or [[Karachar Nevian]],<ref name="Erskine">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.pt/books?id=7CbaLlr3sC4C&pg=PA561&lpg=PA561&dq=Karachar+Nevian&source=bl&ots=ZoHx-Gf8jV&sig=p0S8DFOCOnx2KaCMR9DHpU7wSRg&hl=pt-PT&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqlrKe08jQAhUIahoKHR93DgAQ6AEILTAD#v=onepage&q=Karachar%20Nevian&f=false|title=History of India under Baber|author=William Erskine|date=1 Jan 1994|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist.|location=|isbn=8171560326|page=|pages=577 |accessdate=2016-11-27}}</ref> and that mosques and colleges were founded during his reign.<ref name="books.google" /> Chaghatai was neither ever inclined towards [[Christianity]], though that religion, as practiced by the [[Nestorianism|Nestorians]], must have been familiar to him.<ref name="books.google" />

Chaghatai's own capital was at [[Almaligh]], in the valley of the [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture|Upper Ili]], near the site of the present [[Yining (city)|Kulja]], and consequently in the extreme east of his dominion.<ref name="books.google" /> His reason for fixing it in that remote position, instead of at [[Bukhara]] or [[Samarkand]], was probably one of necessity. His Mongol tribesmen and followers;the mainstay of his power—were passionately fond of the life of the steppes.<ref name="books.google" /> The dwellers in houses and towns were, in their eyes, a degenerate and effeminate race;the tillers of the soil, slaves who toiled like cattle, in order that their betters might pass their time in luxury. They would serve no Khan who did not pass a life worthy of free-born men and Chaghatai and his immediate successors probably saw, as his later descendants are described by [[Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat]] to have seen, that the one way of retaining the allegiance of his own people, was to humour their desires in this respect, and live, with them, a nomad's life.<ref name="books.google" />

==Death and aftermath==
[[File:Funérailles de Tchaghataï.jpeg|thumb|The funeral of Chagatai Khan.]]

Chaghatai died in 1241, after a reign of about fourteen years, and within the same year the death of [[Ogedai]] occurred at [[Karakorum]].<ref name="books.google" /> Thus two out of four of the chief divisions of the Mongol empire were suddenly deprived of their sovereigns, with the result that nearly the whole of the successors of [[Genghis Khan]] began disputing for the succession.<ref name="books.google" /> However, for the time being, it ended in [[Töregene Khatun|Turakina]], [[Ogedai]]'s widow, being appointed regent.<ref name="books.google" /> But lasting disputes remained among the rival claimants and for long afterward, the disputes regarding the succession to the throne of the great Khan became inextricably mixed up with the affairs, especially in the eastern part, of Chaghatai's Khanate.<ref name="books.google" />

Little is known of the way in which Chaghatai disposed of his kingdom at his death, and there appears to be no mention, anywhere, of his having followed the ancestral custom of his house in distributing it among his descendants. He is recorded to have left a numerous family, but to have been succeeded by a grandson, and a minor, named [[Qara Hülëgü]], while his widow, [[Ebuskun]], assumed the regency.<ref name="books.google"/>

===[[Mutukan]]===
Chagatai's son [[Mutukan]] (Mö'etüken) was killed during [[1221 siege of Bamiyan|the siege]] of [[Bamiyan]] in 1221.<ref>Ratchnevsky, Paul (1991) ''Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy'' Blackwell, Oxford, UK, page 164, ISBN 0-631-18949-1</ref>

[[Turkistan]], [[Transoxiana]], and the adjacent regions were controlled directly by his descendents but not [[Kashghar]], [[Yarkant (town)|Yarkand]], [[Khotan]], [[Aksu, Xinjiang|Aksu]], and the southern slopes of the [[Tian Shan]] mountains;or, in other words, to the province south of the line of the Tian Shan, which is called, in our times, [[Eastern Turkistan]].<ref name="books.google" /> As regards this province, [[Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat]] says that it was given by Chaghatai, presumably at his death, to the clan or house of [[Dughlat]], whose members were reckoned to be of the purest Mongol descent, and one of the noblest divisions of that people.<ref name="books.google" /> The Dughlats were thus made hereditary chiefs, or ''Amirs'', of the various districts of Eastern Turkistan, as far back as the time of Chaghatai, for it is chiefly on this incident that hinges the permanent division of the Chaghatai realm into two branches, at a later date.<ref name="books.google" />

===[[Baidar]]===
Baidar was the second son of Chagatai Khan. He participated in the European campaign ("The elder boys campaign" as it was known in Mongolia) with his nephew Büri from 1235-1241. He commanded the Mongol army assigned to Poland with Kadan and, probably, Orda Khan

Early in May 1241 they entered Moravia. Then they continued via Brno, to join Batu's main army in Hungary. The destruction in Poland, Silesia and Moravia was all much of the same kind.

In 1240 Baidar participated in the election of Güyük Khan in 1247.

==Genealogy of Chaghatai Khanate==

In Babr Nama written by [[Babur]], Page 19, Chapter 1; described genealogy of his maternal grandfather Yunas Khan as:

{{quote|text=Yunas Khan descended from Chaghatal Khan, the second son of Chlngiz Khan (as follows,) Yunas Khan, son of Wais Khan, son of Sher-'ali Aughldn, son of Muhammad Khan, son of Khizr Khwaja Khan, son of Tughluq-timur Khan, son of Aisan-bugha Khan, son of Dawa Khan, son of Baraq Khan, son of Yesuntawa Khan, son of Muatukan, son of Chaghatal Khan, son of Chingiz Khan.<ref>The Babur Nama in English, Zahiru'd-din Mubammad Babur Padshah Ghdzt, ANNETTE SUSANNAH BEVERIDGE</ref>
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; page-break-inside:avoid"
|+ '''Genealogy of Abdul Karim Khan according to ''Tarikh-i-Rashidi'' of [[Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat]]'''
|- valign="top"
| style="border:none;"| <ol start="1">
<li>[[Chingiz Khan]]</li>
<li>[[Chaghatai Khan]]</li>
<li>[[Mutukan]]</li>
<li>[[Yesü Nto'a]]</li>
<li>[[Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq]]</li>
<li>[[Duwa]]</li>
<li>[[Esen Buqa I]]</li>
</ol>
| style="border:none"| <ol start="8">
<li>[[Tughlugh Timur]]</li>
<li>[[Khizr Khoja]]</li>
<li>[[Muhammad Khan (Khan of Moghulistan)]]</li>
<li>[[Shir Ali Oglan]]</li>
<li>[[Uwais Khan]](Vaise Khan)</li>
<li>[[Yunus Khan]]</li>
<li>[[Ahmad Alaq]]''</li>
</ol>
| style="border:none"| <ol start="15">
<li>[[Sultan Said Khan]]</li>
<li>[[Abdurashid Khan]]</li>
<li>[[Abdul Karim Khan (Yarkand)]]</li>
<li>[[Muhammad Sultan]]</li>
<li>[[Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan]]</li>
<li>[[Abdal Latif Sultan (Afak Khan)]]</li>
</ol>
|}

"Chughtai Khanates" A research project by [[Dr Abdul Rauf Mughal]]

{{further information|List of Chagatai khans}}

== Ancestry ==
{{See also|Family tree of Genghis Khan}}

{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| HOE |~|~|~|~|~|~|y|~|~|~|~|~|~| YES |YES=[[Yesugei|Yesugei Baghatur]]|HOE=[[Hoelun]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|.|`|-|-|v|-|-|.|}}
{{familytree| BOR |y| GEN | | JOC | | KHA | | TEM | | BEL | | BEK |BEL=Belgutei|BEK=[[Behter]]|JOC=[[Hasar]]|KHA=[[Hachiun]]|TEM=[[Temüge]]|GEN=Temüjin '''([[Genghis Khan]])'''|BOR=[[Börte]]|}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|.|}}
{{familytree| JOC | | | CHA | | | | OGE | | | TOL |CHA=Chagatai|OGE=[[Ögedei Khan|Ögedei]]|JOC=[[Jochi]]|TOL=[[Tolui]]|}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{Mongol Empire}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = Khan of [[Chagatai Khanate]]
| years = '''1225–1242
| before = Chagatai khanate established
| after = [[Qara Hülëgü]]}}
{{s-end}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chagatai Khan}}
[[Category:1241 deaths]]
[[Category:Chagatai khans]]
[[Category:13th-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:1183 births]]
[[Category:Descendants of Genghis Khan]]
[[Category:Borjigin]]
[[Category:Chagatai Khan]]

Chagatai Khan - Değişiklik geçmişi

Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{Infobox royalty | name = Chagatai Khan | title = Khan of the Chagatai Khanate | image = Chagatai Khan.JPG | caption..."