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{{For|the alleged organization within Turkey|Ergenekon (allegation)}}
'''Ergenekon''' or '''Ergeneqon''' ([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: Ergenekon, [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]: Эргүнэ хун/Ergüne khun) is a [[founding myth]].<ref name="sudryn">[http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus16/Rasidaddin_2/kniga1/frametext4.html [[Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh]]]</ref><ref name="Abulghazi">[[Abulghazi Bahadur]], "[https://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC06072597&id=qbGODu1q4ZIC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=shajrat+ul+atrak&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=shajrat%20ul%20atrak&f=false Genealogy of the Turk]"</ref>

==Origins==
Some researchers claim the myth's Turkic origins, citing similarities between [[Göktürks]] and the Ergenekon epic;<ref name="Ergenekon Destanı" /> the first to make the comparison was [[Joseph de Guignes]].<ref>Bahaaddin Ögel, "Doğu Göktürkleri Hakkında Vesikalar ve Notlar", ''Belleten'', XXI/81, [[Türk Tarih Kurumu]], 1957, p. 105. {{Tr icon}}</ref> However, the relationship is contested.<ref>''Ibid'', p. 109.</ref>

==Turkic version==
In the Turkic mythology the myth aims to explain the foundation of the [[Turkic Khaganate]]. The Ergenekon legend tells about a great crisis of the ancient Turks. Following a military defeat, the Turks took refuge in the legendary Ergenekon valley where they were trapped for four centuries. They were finally released when a blacksmith created a passage by melting rock, allowing the gray wolf [[Asena]] to lead them out. The people led out of the valley found the [[Turkic Khaganate]], in which the valley functions as its capital.<ref>Oriental Institute of Cultural and Social Research, Vol. 1-2, 2001, p.66</ref><ref>Murat Ocak, The Turks: Early ages, 2002, pp.76</ref><ref>Dursun Yıldırım, "Ergenekon Destanı", Türkler, Vol. 3, Yeni Türkiye, Ankara, 2002, ISBN 975-6782-36-6, pp. 527–43.</ref><ref>İbrahim Aksu: The story of Turkish surnames: an onomastic study of Turkish family names, their origins, and related matters, Volume 1, 2006 , p.87</ref><ref>H. B. Paksoy, Essays on Central Asia, 1999, p.49</ref><ref>Andrew Finkle, Turkish State, Turkish Society, Routledge, 1990, p.80</ref> A New Year's ceremony commemorates the legendary ancestral escape from Ergenekon.<ref>Michael Gervers, Wayne Schlepp: Religion, customary law, and nomadic technology, Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies, 2000, p.60</ref> The capital referred to is assumed to be [[Ordu-Baliq]].

==Mongolian version==
In the Mongolian version, Ergenekon was the refuge of the progenitors of the [[Mongols]], Nekuz and Qiyan, as told in the 14th-century literary history ''[[Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh]]'', written by [[Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]].<ref name="sudryn"/><ref>Jiexian Chen, Guoli Taiwan daxue, ''Proceedings of the Fifth East Asian Altaistic Conference'', December 26, 1979 – January 2, 1980, Taipei, China, National Taiwan University, 1980. ''According to Reshideddin's record original Mongols, historically, were divided in two parts. They are: 1. Those branches descended from the Original Mongol Tribes, which had been in ارکننه قون Ergenekon… Those tribes are: The origin of Mongols were descendants from these two persons, Nekuz and Qiyan and their wifes who escaped to Ergenkon.'' {{En icon}}</ref><ref name= "Türk Mitolojisi">Bahaeddin Ögel, ''Türk Mitolojisi'' Vol. I, Milli Eğitim basımevi, İstanbul, 1971., ''Türk Mitolojisi I: 'Kaynakları ve Açıklamaları İle Destanlar'', Tütk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1989, pp. 14–5. {{Tr icon}}</ref><ref name="Ergenekon Destanı">Dursun Yıldırım, "Ergenekon Destanı", ''Türkler'', Vol. 3, Yeni Türkiye, Ankara, 2002, ISBN 9756782366, pp. 527–43. {{Tr icon}}</ref> It is a common epic in Mongol mythologies.

[[Abulghazi Bahadur]], khan of the [[Khanate of Khiva]] (1643–63), told of the Ergenekon Mongolian [[creation myth]] in his work, 17th-century "Shajara-i turk" (Genealogy of the Turks).<ref name="Türk Mitolojisi" /><ref name="Ergenekon Destanı" />

==In Turkish literature==

===Translations and poems===
In the late [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] era, the Ergenekon epic enjoyed use in [[Turkish literature]] (especially by the [[Turkish nationalism|Turkish nationalist]] movement), describing a mythical Turkic place of origin located in the inaccessible valleys of the [[Altay Mountains]].

In 1864 [[Ahmed Vefik Pasha]] translated ''Shajara-i turk'' into the [[Ottoman language]] under the title ''Şecere-i Evşâl-i Türkiyye,''<ref>Abu'l-Gâzî, ''Şecere-i Evşâl-i Türkiyye'', [Ahmed Vefik Pasha neşri], Dersaadet, 1864.</ref> published in ''[[Tasvir-i Efkâr]]'' newspaper.<ref name="İsa">İsa Özkan, "Ergenekon Destanı Hakkında", ''Türk Yurdu'', Cilt: 29, Sayı: 265, Eylül 2009, pp. 43–7. {{Tr icon}}</ref> [[Ziya Gökalp]]'s poem put the Ergenekon epic in the context of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] history ([[:tr:s:Ergenekon (Ziya Gökalp)|''Turkish text'']]), published as "Türk An'anesi: Ergenekon" in ''Türk Duygusu'' magazine from May 8 to June 5, 1913,<ref>Mehmed Ziya, "Ergenekon", ''Türk Duygusu'', no. 1, pp. 7-10.</ref> ''Altın Armağan'' <ref>"Ergenekon", ''Altın Armağan'', no. 1 (''Türk Yurdu'', no. 24's supplement, Istanbul, 1328), p. 20.</ref> in September 1913,<ref>[[Beşir Ayvazoğlu]], [http://www.zaman.com.tr/yazar.do?yazino=877373 "Ziya Gökalp'ın Ergenekon'u"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904235040/http://www.zaman.com.tr/yazar.do?yazino=877373 |date=September 4, 2009 }}, ''[[Zaman (newspaper)|Zaman]]'', August 6, 2009, Retrieved July 24, 2010. {{Tr icon}}</ref> and under the title of "Ergenekon" in ''[[Kızılelma]],'' 1914.<ref>[[Ziya Gökalp]], ''Ziya Gökalp Külliyatı I: Şiirler ve Halk Masalları'', haz. Fevziye Abdullah Tansel, [[Türk Tarih Kurumu]], Ankara, 1989, s. xlii, 78-83. {{Tr icon}}</ref> [[Ömer Seyfettin]]'s poem on the topic was published in ''Halka Doğru'' magazine, April 9, 1914.<ref name="İsa" /><ref>[http://sbe.balikesir.edu.tr/dergi/edergi/c12s21/makale/c12s21m26.pdf Ali Duymaz, Ömer Seyfettin'in Kaleme Aldığı Destanlar Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme", ''Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi''cilt:12, sayı: 21, Haziran 2009, p. 415.] {{Tr icon}}</ref> [[Riza Nur|Rıza Nur]] translated ''Shajara-i turk'' into modern [[Turkish language|Turkish]] in 1925,<ref>Abu'l Gâzî, ''Şecere-i Türk'', [Rıza Nur neşri], İstanbul, 1925.</ref> and mentioned Ergenekon in ''Oğuznâme,'' published in [[Alexandria]], 1928.<ref>[http://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/HALKBILIM/metin_ozarslan_oguz_kagan_destaninda_tarihi_dini_beseri_tabiatustu_unsurlar.pdf Metin Özarslan, "Oğuz Kağan Destanı'nda Tarihî, Dinî, Beşerî ve Tabiatüstü Unsurlar", ''Prof. Dr. Dursun Yıldırım Armağanı'', Ankara, 1998, p. 426.] {{Tr icon}}</ref>

===Turkish history thesis and the ''Ergenekon legend''===

During the [[Single-party period of the Republic of Turkey|early republican]] era of Turkey (especially in the 1930s, when [[ethnic nationalism]] held its sway in Turkey), the tale of the [[Wolves in folklore, religion and mythology#Turkic and Mongolian|Bozkurt]], [[Asena]] and Ergenekon were promoted<ref>Murat Arman, "The Sources of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism", ''CEU Political Science Journal'', issue: 2 (2007), p. 136.</ref> along with Turkish [[ethnocentrism]], and included in history textbooks as the [[Göktürk]] creation myth.<ref>''Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatları'', Kaynak Yayınları, 1999, ISBN 975-343-118-X; p. 380. (first edition: 1930) {{Tr icon}}</ref><ref>''Tarih II: Kemalist Eğitimin Tarih Dersleri (1931 - 1941)'', Kaynak Yayınları, 2001, ISBN 975-343-319-0, p. 44. (first edition: 1931) {{Tr icon}}</ref>

In 1933, [[Şevket Süreyya Aydemir]], a Turkish intellectual and a founder and key theorist of the [[Kadro]] movement, consubstantiated the Ergenekon epic with the Turkish revolution.<ref>[[İlhan Tekeli]], [[Selim İlkin]], ''Kadrocuları ve Kadro'yu anlamak'', Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, 2003, ISBN 9789753331708, p. 219. {{Tr icon}}</ref> In the new Turkish version of the ''Egenekon Legend'', the motif of the [[gray wolf]] (Turkish: ''bozkurt'') was added<ref>[[Beşir Ayvazoğlu]], [http://www.zaman.com.tr/yazar.do?yazino=645467 "Ergenekon yurdun adı"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229133027/http://www.zaman.com.tr/yazar.do?yazino=645467 |date=February 29, 2012 }}, ''[[Zaman (newspaper)|Zaman]]'', January 31, 2008, Retrieved July 24, 2010. {{Tr icon}}</ref> (''[[:tr:s:Ergenekon Destanı (Türkiye)|Turkish text]]'', version of [[Ministry of National Education (Turkey)|Ministry of National Education]] of [[Turkey]]).

==Criticisms==
According to Ergun Candan, there are some similarities between the mythologies of other cultures in their symbolism. The she-wolf [[Asena]] showed the Turks the way through the [[labyrinth]] of valleys and mountain passes. According to Ergun Candan, the she-wolf may be seen as a symbol of the "dog star" [[Sirius]].<ref>Candan, Ergun. (2002). ''Türklerin Kültür Kökenleri'', Sınır Ötesi Yayınları, Istanbul, pp. ?113-4, ISBN 975-8312-11-1</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External Sources==
*[[:tr:s:Ergenekon Destanı (Türkiye)|Ergenekon]]'' at WikiSource (Turkish) (the version of the [[Ministry of National Education (Turkey)|Ministry of National Education]] of [[Turkey]])

[[Category:Turkish nationalism]]
[[Category:Turkic mythology]]
[[Category:Turkic literature]]
[[Category:History of the Turkic peoples]]
[[Category:Göktürks]]
[[Category:Mongol mythology]]
[[Category:Mongolian literature]]
[[Category:Mongol Empire]]
[[Category:Fictional valleys]]
[[Category:National mysticism]]
[[Category:Myth of origins]]

Ergeneqon - Değişiklik geçmişi

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