Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{Infobox royalty | name = Nogai Khan | title = | image = File:Nogai flag.svg | caption = The flag of Nogai Khan. | succession = | reign = | predecessor = | successor = | house..."

2017-03-26T18:06:50Z

Yeni sayfa: "{{Infobox royalty | name = Nogai Khan | title = | image = File:Nogai flag.svg | caption = The flag of Nogai Khan. | succession = | reign = | predecessor = | successor = | house..."

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{{Infobox royalty
| name = Nogai Khan
| title =
| image = File:Nogai flag.svg
| caption = The flag of Nogai Khan.
| succession =
| reign =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| house = [[Borjigin]]
| father = Tatar
| mother =
| spouse = [[Euphrosyne Palaiologina (daughter of Michael VIII)|Euphrosyne Palaiologina]]<br>Alagh (Алаг)
| issue = Djögä<ref name="GeniNogai">[http://www.geni.com/people/Nogai-Isa-Khan/375777528840004741 Geni - Nogai / Isa Khan (b. - c. 1299)]. [[Geni.com]]. Accessed 5 February 2015.</ref><br> Tügä<ref name="GeniNogai" /><br>Toraï<ref name="GeniNogai" /><br>[[Chaka of Bulgaria]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
}}
'''Nokhai''' (died 1299), also called '''Nohai''', '''Kara Nokhai''', '''Isa Nogai''',<ref>G.V. Vernadsky, ''The Mongols and Rus''</ref> was a [[general]] and de facto ruler of the [[Golden Horde]] and a great-great-grandson of [[Genghis Khan]]. His grandfather was Baul/Teval Khan, the 7th son of [[Jochi]]. His name is also spelled '''Nohai''' and '''Nogaj'''. Nogai Khan was also a notable convert to [[Islam]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

Pelliot wrote that Nokhai meant a "dog." Although in the [[Mongolian language]], "nokhoi" (in [[Mongolian script]]: {{MongolUnicode|ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ}}, ''nokhai'') literally means a "dog", it does not necessarily mean a particularly negative and insulting name in its context, since people were called "dogs" among the Mongols at the time and sometimes presently as "nokhduud" as in "you dogs (guys/men/people)." Genghis Khan also called his capable generals "dogs of war" or "men of war." This probably came about because Mongols had a lot of dogs, and dogs were very useful for people's lives in hunting and warnings. According to the historian J. J. Saunders, the name "Dog" was used to distract the attention of evil spirits (presumably, they would not be interested in a canine). The Mongols sometimes referred to the wolf as a "steppe dog".

==Early life under Batu and Berke==
Nogai was born to Tatar (Tutar), a son of Terval who was a son of Jochi. He would rule his grandfather's [[appanage]] after his father died. After the [[Mongol invasion of Europe]], [[Batu Khan]] left Nogai with a tumen (10,000 warriors) in modern-day [[Moldavia]] and [[Romania]] as a frontier guard. He was a nephew of [[Berke]] Khan as well as Batu Khan and [[Orda Khan]], and under his uncle, he became a powerful and ambitious warlord.

In his later years, Berke began to delegate more and more responsibility to his promising nephew. Nogai's leading role first appears, along with [[Talabuga]], under famous Mongol general [[Burundai]] as a battle commander in 1259/1260, leading the second Mongol raid against Poland and plundering [[Sandomierz]], [[Kraków]] and other cities.

Nogai converted to [[Islam]], just like his uncle, [[Berke Khan]], but it is not known exactly when his conversion occurred, probably soon after Berke converted, in the 1250s. His name was included on the list of new converts sent by Berke to the Mameluke Sultan [[Baibars|al-Malik az-Zahir]] in 1262/1263. Almost a decade later, in 1270/1271, Nogai himself indicated that he embraced Islam in a letter to the [[Sultan of Egypt]].<ref>Vásáry, p.71</ref>

==Rise to power in Golden Horde and Europe==
Nogai's father Tatar died when he was serving under [[Hulegu]]. In 1262, during the civil war between Berke and Hulegu Khan, Nogai's army surprised the invading forces of Hulegu at the [[Terek River]]. Many thousands were drowned, and the survivors fled back into [[Azerbaijan]]. In 1265, Nogai led his army across the [[Danube]], sending the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] forces fleeing before him, and devastated the cities of [[Thrace]]. In 1266, the Emperor [[Michael VIII Palaeologus]], anxious to make an alliance, gave his daughter [[Euphrosyne Palaiologina (daughter of Michael VIII)|Euphrosyne Palaiologina]] to Nogai as a wife. That same year, Nogai lost an eye fighting his relative, [[Abaqa Khan]], in [[Tiflis]]. But he lived on terms with Abagha and his successor [[Arghun]] after the death of Berke.

Nogai ruled the [[Ukrainia]]ns of [[Galicia-Volhynia]], the [[Ossetians]] and part of the [[Vlach]]s directly. He attacked [[Lithuania]] with the northern Russian princes in 1275. Nogai sent 4,000 Mongol soldiers to [[Constantinople]] in 1282, to help his father in law Emperor Michael suppress the rebels headed by John I Doukas of [[Thessaly]]. But Michael died and [[Andronikos II Palaiologos|Andronikos II]] used the allied troops to fight against Serbia.
In 1285, Nogai and [[Talabuga]] Khan invaded [[Hungary]] with Mongol and [[Cuman]] troops, but unlike [[Subutai]] [[Mongol invasion of Europe|forty years earlier]], they were defeated. The Mongols ravaged [[Transylvania]], but were beaten by the Hungarian royal army under [[Ladislaus IV of Hungary]] near [[Pest, Hungary|Pest]], and the retreating Mongol forces were ambushed by the [[Székelys]].<ref>[http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/kos/kos06.htm]</ref> Nogai and Talabuga made a [[Third Mongol invasion of Poland|third raid against Poland]] in 1287/1288 but was defeated by a contingency of Eastern European armies.

In 1286, Nogai compelled king [[Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia]] to recognize his suzerainty. He also reasserted Mongol authority over [[Bulgaria]]'s internal affairs. In 1277, a [[Uprising of Ivaylo|popular movement]] led by [[Ivaylo of Bulgaria]] defeated the Mongols, but in 1278-79 Nogai defeated the Bulgarians and besieged Ivaylo in [[Silistra]]. Ivaylo tried to ally with Nogai, but Nogai had him murdered, and made the new Bulgarian Emperor [[George I of Bulgaria|George Terter]] his vassal. After George's flight to Constantinople, Nogai set his close associate [[Smilets of Bulgaria|Smilets]] on the Bulgarian throne.

Despite his power and prowess in battle, Nogai never attempted to seize the Golden Horde khanate for himself, preferring to act as a sort of kingmaker. He served under several Golden Horde Khans: Berke, [[Mengu-Timur]], [[Tuda-Mengu]], Talabuga, and [[Tokhta]]. This last khan proved to be more headstrong than the others, and he and Nogai began a deadly rivalry. By this time, Nogai effectively had control of the western-most sections of the [[Golden Horde]]. He overthrew Tuda-Mengu and killed Tulabuga. He was unable to enthrone himself because his great grandmother was a concubine. Another theory states that he was not allowed to take the throne due to his missing eye, as a physically imperfect man was not allowed to be khan {{citation needed|date=December 2015}}.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*[[John Joseph Saunders|Saunders, J.J.]] ''The History of the Mongol Conquests'', 2001
*Ж.Бор ''Монгол хийгээд евроазийн дипломат шаштир'' Боть 2, 2003
*Howorth, H.H. "History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century: Part 2. The So-Called Tartars of Russia and Central Asia. Division 1"
*Vernadsky, G. "Mongols and Russia", Yale University Press, Dec 1953
*István Vásáry, ''Cumans and Tatars'', Cambridge University Press 2005

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nogai Khan}}

[[Category:Generals of the Mongol Empire]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:1299 deaths]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam]]
[[Category:Khans of the Golden Horde]]
[[Category:13th-century rulers]]
[[Category:Military personnel killed in action]]
[[Category:Mongol Empire Muslims]]
[[Category:Royalty and nobility with disabilities]]
[[Category:Mongolian people with disabilities]]
[[Category:Descendants of Genghis Khan]]
[[Category:Borjigin]]

Nogai Khan - Değişiklik geçmişi

Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{Infobox royalty | name = Nogai Khan | title = | image = File:Nogai flag.svg | caption = The flag of Nogai Khan. | succession = | reign = | predecessor = | successor = | house..."