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2019-09-29T16:47:56Z

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Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{Infobox monarch | name = Ariq Böke | title = Khagan of the Mongol Empire
(Nominal due to the empire's division)..."

2019-09-29T16:47:42Z

Yeni sayfa: "{{Infobox monarch | name = Ariq Böke | title = Khagan of the Mongol Empire (Nominal due to the empire's division)..."

Yeni sayfa

{{Infobox monarch
| name = Ariq Böke
| title = [[Khagan]] of the [[Mongol Empire]] (Nominal due to the [[division of the Mongol Empire|empire's division]])
| image = Ariq Böke.jpg
| caption =
| reign = {{nowrap|11 August 1259 – 21 August 1264}}
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Möngke Khan]]
| successor = [[Kublai Khan]]
| full name = [[Given name]]: Ariq Böke ({{lang|mn|Аригбөх}})
|
| issue =
| spouse = Elchiqmash Khatun Qutiqta Khatun Qutlu Khatun Iraghui Khatun Eshitai Khatun
| royal house = [[Borjigin]]
| father = [[Tolui|Tolui Khan]]
| mother = [[Sorghaghtani Beki]]
| birth_date = c. 1219
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1266
| death_place =
| place of burial =
| religion = [[Tengrism]]
|}}

'''Ariq Böke''' (after 1219–1266), the components of his name also spelled '''Arigh''', '''Arik''' and '''Bukha''', '''Buka''' ({{lang-mn|Аригбөх}}; Chinese: 阿里不哥), was the seventh and youngest son of [[Tolui]], a son of [[Genghis Khan]]. After the death of his brother the Great Khan [[Möngke]], Ariq Böke claimed the title of the [[Khagan|Great Khan]] of the [[Mongol Empire]] and briefly took power while his brothers Kublai (more commonly known as [[Kublai Khan]]) and Hulagu (more commonly known as [[Hulagu Khan]]) were absent from the [[Mongolia]]n homeland. When Kublai returned for an election in 1260, rival factions could not agree, and elected both claimants, Kublai and Ariq Böke, to the throne, resulting in the [[Toluid Civil War]] that [[Division of the Mongol Empire|fragmented the Mongol Empire]]. Ariq Böke was supported by the traditionalists of the Mongol Empire, while his brother Kublai was supported by the senior princes of [[North China]] and [[Manchuria]].

==Early years==
Ariq Böke was the youngest son of [[Sorghaghtani Beki]] and [[Tolui]], the youngest son of [[Genghis Khan]]. When Genghis died in 1227, the leadership of the Empire passed to Genghis' third son (Ariq Böke's uncle), Ögedei. He peacefully attended the elections of both his uncle, Great Khan [[Ögedei]] and Ögedei's successor and eldest son, [[Güyük]]. After his eldest brother Möngke was enthroned in 1250, his family became even more powerful among the [[Borjigin|Chingisids]]. Ariq Böke is also known for being sympathetic towards Christianity; this is known from the account of [[Franciscan]] [[William of Rubruck]], who was an envoy of [[Louis IX of France]].

==Succession struggle==
{{main article|Toluid Civil War}}

===Great Khan===
[[File:Arik Buka defeats Alghu-Rashid al'Din Jami al Tavarikhs-large.jpg|thumb|180px|Arik Buka defeats Alghu-Rashid al'Din, Jami al Tavarikh.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miskin |url=http://warfare.uphero.com/Moghul/Akbar/Arik_Buka_defeats_Alghu-Rashid_al%27Din_Jami_al_Tavarikhs-large.htm |title=Arik Buka defeats Alghu |date=1596 |work=Jami al Tavarikh}}</ref>]]
When [[Ögedei Khan]] died, a power struggle erupted, with leadership then passing to Ögedei's son [[Güyük]] in 1246, though Güyük died only two years later, in 1248. After another struggle, the sons of Tolui, Ögedei's brother, took power. The first of Tolui's sons to be Great Khan was Möngke, who proceeded with Kublai to conquer [[Northern and southern China|Southern China]] and the [[Southern Song Dynasty]]. Their brother Hulagu led the Mongol advance westward, conquering [[Siege of Baghdad (1258)|Baghdad]] and proceeding into [[Syria]] and towards [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. During this time, all affairs of the Heartland were left under the control of their brother Ariq Böke.

[[File:Signature of Ariq Böke.png|thumb|left|40px|''Ariq Böke'' in traditional [[Mongolian script]].]]
When Möngke died in 1259, Ariq Böke was elected Khan in the absence of his brothers, and had the support of most of the existing ministers and powerful families in the capital of [[Karakorum]], such as Möngke's family, and other princes of the Golden family along with other forces in the capital of [[Karakorum]] including [[Torguud]] royal bodyguards and [[White Horde]] elites, as well as the [[Oirats]], who were allied with him as one of the Oirat leaders was married to his daughter. However, when Kublai and Hulagu received news of Möngke's death, they aborted their own battles in order to return to the capital to decide the matter of succession. In May 1260, Kublai was elected khan by his own supporters, to rival the claim of Ariq Böke. A civil war subsequently broke out between the brothers for the leadership of the Empire. For example, when the [[Chagatai Khanate]] needed a new leader, Kublai attempted to send Abishqa, who was loyal to him. But Ariq Böke had Abishqa captured and eventually killed, and instead installed his own ally [[Alghu]]. Ariq Böke ordered Alghu to defend the area from both the forces of Hulagu, and the possible presence of [[Berke]] of the [[Golden Horde]]. But Alghu deserted Ariq Böke, killing his envoys for treasure, while [[Kaidu]] remained loyal to Ariq Böke. Alghu and Ariq Böke were soon in direct conflict, with Alghu winning the first engagement, but then at the second, Ariq Böke was victorious, and forced Alghu to flee westward.

===Surrender===
Eventually, as the war continued between Ariq Böke and his brother Kublai, the former's forces weakened. Kublai had powerful Mongol cavalry troops, [[Alans|Alan]] and [[Turkish people|Turk]] contingents and numerous [[Chinese people|Chinese]] and [[Goryeo]] infantry units. Kublai's supporter [[Kadan]], a son of [[Ögedei]], crushed Ariq Böke's force under general Alandar, and Ariq Böke twice lost control of the capital of Karakorum. Kublai also blockaded all trade to Mongolia from [[North China]], in order to cut the food supply. Ariq Böke finally submitted to Kublai in 1263. He was imprisoned by Kublai and died mysteriously a few years after his surrender, leading to rumors that he had been secretly poisoned.{{sfn|Rossabi|1994|p=424}}

==Legacy==
[[File:Ariqboketamgha.png|thumb|[[Tamga|Temgha]] of Ariq Böke.]]

According to scholar David Morgan, "Ariq Böke can be seen as representing an influential school of thought among the Mongols, which Kublai through his actions and attitudes after 1260 opposed. Some Mongols felt there was a dangerous drift towards softness, typified in those like Kublai who thought there was something to be said for settled civilization and for the Chinese way of life. In the traditionalist view, the Mongol center ought to remain in Mongolia, and the Mongols' nomadic life be preserved uncontaminated. China ought merely to be exploited.

Ariq Böke came to be regarded as this faction's figurehead."<ref>Morgan 2007, pp.104–105</ref> This legacy was continued by [[Kaidu]] (Khaidu). Although Ariq Böke lost power, some of his descendants later became important figures in the [[Ilkhanate]] and the [[Northern Yuan dynasty]], with the lineage of both [[Ilkhan]] [[Arpa Ke'un]] and [[Jorightu Khan Yesüder|Yesüder]] can be traced back to Ariq Böke.

==See also==
*[[Toluid Civil War]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book
| last = Morgan
| first = David
| authorlink = David Morgan (historian)
| title = The Mongols
| publisher = Blackwell Publishing
| location =
| year = 2007
| isbn = 1-4051-3539-5 }}

*René Grousset ''Empire of the Steppes''
*{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iFxGpHGMAZQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Khubilai+Khan:+His+Life+and+Times&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BIJEU_2BF4WqhAe96YDwBA&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Khubilai%20Khan%3A%20His%20Life%20and%20Times&f=false|first=Morris| last=Rossabi| title=Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times| year=1988| publisher=University of California Press| location=Los Angeles| ref=harv | isbn=978-0-520-06740-0}}
*{{cite book | first=Morris| last=Rossabi| editor=Denis C. Twitchett| editor2=John King Fairbank| chapter=The reign of Khubilai Khan| title=The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710–1368| year=1994| pages=414–489| publisher=Cambridge University Press| ref=harv | isbn=978-0-521-24331-5}}
*Jack Wheaterford ''Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World''
*John Man ''Kublai Khan''
*H. H. Howorth ''History of the Mongols Part II''.

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Borjigin|House of Borjigin]]||c. 1219||1266}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Möngke Khan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Great Khan]] of the [[Mongol Empire]] (Nominal due to the [[division of the Mongol Empire|empire's division]])|years=11 August 1259 – 21 August 1264}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Kublai Khan]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Khagans of Mongol Empire|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boke, Ariq}}
[[Category:Mongol Empire people]]
[[Category:1266 deaths]]
[[Category:History of Mongolia]]
[[Category:Borjigin]]
[[Category:13th-century Mongol rulers]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Descendants of Genghis Khan]]

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Admin: "Tartışma:Ariq Böke" koruma altında alındı ([değiştir=Yalnızca hizmetlilere izin verilir] (süresiz) [Taşı=Yalnızca hizmetlilere izin verilir] (süresiz)) [kademeli]

Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{Infobox monarch | name = Ariq Böke | title = Khagan of the Mongol Empire(Nominal due to the empire's division)..."

Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{Infobox monarch | name = Ariq Böke | title = Khagan of the Mongol Empire
(Nominal due to the empire's division)..."