Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{about|the bird|the ruler in the Turkic Seljuk dynasty|Tughril|the leader of the Turkic Kayı tribe|Ertuğrul}} File:Turul buda castle1.jpg|thumb|upright|Turul bird in the [[Buda..."

2017-03-26T22:26:17Z

Yeni sayfa: "{{about|the bird|the ruler in the Turkic Seljuk dynasty|Tughril|the leader of the Turkic Kayı tribe|Ertuğrul}} File:Turul buda castle1.jpg|thumb|upright|Turul bird in the [[Buda..."

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{{about|the bird|the ruler in the Turkic Seljuk dynasty|Tughril|the leader of the Turkic Kayı tribe|Ertuğrul}}
[[File:Turul buda castle1.jpg|thumb|upright|Turul bird in the [[Buda Castle|Royal Castle]], [[Budapest]], Hungary]]
The '''Turul''' is a mythological [[bird of prey]], mostly depicted as a [[hawk]] or [[falcon]], in [[Hungarian mythology|Hungarian tradition]] and a [[national symbol]] of modern [[Hungary]].

==Origin==
[[File:Prehistoric Times of Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia - NM Prague 59.JPG|thumb|Gilt silver plague with ''turul'' motif (Hungary, 10th century), [[National Museum (Prague)|National Museum in Prague]].]]
[[File:PictaA.jpg|thumb|Miniature of Hungarian captain [[Előd]], displaying the ''turul'' on his shield (''[[Chronicon Pictum]]'', 14th century)]]
The Turul is probably based on a large [[falcon]], and the origin of the word is most likely [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]: ''togrıl'' or ''turgul'' means a medium to large [[bird of prey]] of the family [[Accipitridae]], [[Northern goshawk|goshawk]] or [[red kite]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://tdkterim.gov.tr/bts/?kategori=verilst&ayn=bas&kelime=togr%FDl |title=Great Turkish Dictionary |publisher=[[Turkish Language Association]] |accessdate= 1 August 2009}}</ref> In Hungarian the word ''sólyom'' means falcon, and there are three ancient words describing different kinds of falcons: ''kerecsen'' ([[saker falcon]]), ''zongor'' [Turkish ''sungur'' = [[gyrfalcon]]] (which survives in the male name ''Zsombor'') and ''turul''.

In Hungarian tradition, it presumably originated as the clan symbol used in the 9th and 10th centuries by the ruling [[Arpad dynasty|House of Arpad]].
<ref>[[Chronicon Pictum]], [[Gesta Hungarorum]].{{huh|date=April 2016}}
Arnold Ipolyi, "Magyar mitológia" (Hungarian Mythology) 1854; Gáspár Heltai, Hungarian Mythology.
"[...] the hawk or ''turul'', which in shamanistic lore rested upon the tree of life connecting the earth with the netherworld and the skies, persevered for longer [than other clan totems] as a device belonging to the ruling house. But even this was soon eclipsed by the symbol of the double cros and, around 1200, by the striped shield coloured in the ed and white of Christ's Passion."
Martyn C. Rady, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4SViWPzFj1AC&pg=PA12&dq=Turul+Hungarian+nobility&hl=en&ei=4f2ITZy2JM6YhQeO1aC0Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Nobility, land and service in medieval Hungary], Palgrave Macmillan, 2000, p.12</ref>

In the legend of [[Emese]], recorded in the ''[[Gesta Hungarorum]]'' and the ''[[Chronicon Pictum]]'', the ''turul'' is mentioned as occurring in a dream of Emese's as impregnating her,<ref name="oszk">{{cite web|url=http://mek.oszk.hu/02100/02115/html/1-1904.html|title=Magyar Néprajzi Lexikon: Emese |publisher=mek.oszk.hu |accessdate=1 June 2014}}</ref>
and in a second dream by the leader of the Hungarian tribes, in which eagles (the emblem of the [[Pechenegs]]) attacked their horses and a Turul came and saved them.

==Modern use==
[[File:Turul-Tb-profil.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Turul with the [[Holy Crown of Hungary]], [[Tatabánya]], Hungary]]
[[File:1904 Sasd 60filler.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Kingdom of Hungary first issue (1900) with image of Turuls]]

The Turul is used as in the design of coats of arms of the [[Hungarian Army]], the [[Counter Terrorism Centre]] and the [[Nemzetbiztonsági Hivatal|Office of National Security]].<ref>Tom Warhol, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YkepQQWk-TQC&pg=PA158&dq=Turul+Hungarian+nobility&hl=en&ei=4f2ITZy2JM6YhQeO1aC0Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Turul%20Hungarian%20nobility&f=false Birdwatcher's Daily Companion: 365 Days of Advice, Insight, and Information for Enthusiastic Birders], Marcus Schneck, Quarry Books, 2010, p. 158</ref><ref>István Dienes, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=gwKJTeHHNc6WhQfV8O3BDg&ct=result&id=IDQ9AAAAIAAJ&dq=Turul+Hungarian+nobility&q=+symbol+of+power+among+their+nobility#search_anchor The Hungarians cross the Carpathians], Corvina Press, 1972, p. 71</ref>

There were 3 large Turul statues, each with a wingspan of 15 metres, in [[Kingdom of Hungary|Greater Hungary]] (before the country had its borders reconfigured by the [[Treaty of Trianon]]). The last of the three stands on a mountain near [[Tatabánya]], [[Hungary]], but the other two were destroyed. It is the largest bird statue in Europe, and the largest bronze statue in [[Central Europe]][http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/19619/Documents%20and%20Settings/wb230542/Desktop/KECITIES/Course_Modules/4713.htm].
There remain 195 Turul statues in Hungary, as well as 48 in [[Romania]] (32 in [[Transylvania]] and 16 in [[Partium]]), 8 in [[Slovakia]], 7 in [[Serbia]], 5 in [[Ukraine]], 1 in [[Austria]]. And one more as of 29 September 2012, St. [[Michael (archangel)|Michael]] the Archangel's Day erected in Hungary's [[Ópusztaszer National Heritage Park]]<ref>[http://index.hu/belfold/2012/09/29/orban_uj_torvenyek_vilaga_kozeledik/ index.hu]</ref>

Some of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] postage stamps issued after 1900 feature Turuls.

== See also ==
* [[Oksoko]]
* [[Konrul]]
* [[National symbols of Hungary]]
* [[Historical coat of arms of Transylvania]]
* [[Tughril]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons|Turul|Turul}}
{{commonscat|Turul}}
* [http://www.hunmagyar.org/mondak/turul.html Hungarian Mythology] - The origin of the mythical bird, and its connection to the hun culture (in English)

{{Heraldic creatures}}
[[Category:Legendary birds]]
[[Category:Heraldic birds]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Hungary]]
[[Category:National symbols of Hungary]]
[[Category:Hungarian legendary creatures]]
[[Category:Turkic mythology]]
[[Category:Tengriism]]

Turul - Değişiklik geçmişi

Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{about|the bird|the ruler in the Turkic Seljuk dynasty|Tughril|the leader of the Turkic Kayı tribe|Ertuğrul}} File:Turul buda castle1.jpg|thumb|upright|Turul bird in the [[Buda..."