List of people of Cuman descent sayfasının kaynağını görüntüle

*[[Qutb-ud-din Aibak]] - founder of the [[Delhi sultanate]].
*Khan [[Boniak]]/Boniek/Bongek/Maniak. Boniak was a khan during the time of Sharukan. He was called "the Mangy" by Russians. He led invasions, together with Togortac, on Kyivan Rus’ in 1096, 1097, 1105, and 1107. In 1096 Boniak attacked Kyiv, burned down the princely palace in Berestove, and plundered the Kiev Monastery of the Caves. In 1107 he was defeated by the Kyivan Rus’ princes' forces near Lubny. He led the invasions, together with Togortac, on Kievan Rus'. In 1096 Boniak attacked Kiev, plundered the Kiev Monastery of the Caves, and burned down the prince's palace in Berestovo. He was defeated in 1107 by the princes of Rus's forces, near Lubni. He is mentioned for the last time in the Primary Chronicle in 1167, when he was defeated by Prince Oleg I of Chernigov. Boniak is often represented as a sorcerer in Rus' folklore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/C/U/Cumans.htm |title=Cumans |publisher=Encyclopediaofukraine.com |date= |accessdate=2014-03-01}}</ref>
*Taz (meaning 'bald'), brother of Boniak. He perished at the battle on the [[Sula River]], along with Sugr.<ref>Victor Spinei, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VY4dAQAAMAAJ&q=taz+brother+of+boniak&dq=taz+brother+of+boniak&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kpbtU--UJsmp7Abq2YHADA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA The Great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Century: Cumans and Mongols], p.381.</ref>
*Khan [[Köten]] Sutoiovych (Kuthen/Kotian/Kotony/Zayhan or Jonas), son of Khan Konchek.<ref>David Nicolle, V Shpakovsky, [https://books.google.com/books?id=S7TA029vF5oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Kalka+River+1223:+Genghis+Khan%27s+Mongols+Invade+Russia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UNDvU-WkAcup7Aaq_4HgBw&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Kalka%20River%201223%3A%20Genghis%20Khan%27s%20Mongols%20Invade%20Russia&f=false Kalka River 1223: Genghis Khan's Mongols Invade Russia], p.21, 22.</ref> He is [[Mstislav Mstislavich]]'s father-in-law. Köten was of the Terteroba clan. He participated in the power struggles between the princes of Kyivan Rus' in 1202, 1225 and 1228. After the defeat by the Mongols in 1222, he convinced the princes of Kyivan Rus' to forge an alliance against the [[Mongols]]. He fought in the war against the Mongols (allied with the Russians) in the [[Battle of Kalka River]], where the Rus'-Cuman alliance was defeated. In 1238 he was again defeated by Batu Khan on the Astrakhan steppes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CO%5CKotian.htm |title=Kotian |publisher=Encyclopediaofukraine.com |date= |accessdate=2014-03-01}}</ref> Afterwards, Koten led 40,000 "huts" (families) (around 70 - 80,000 people) to Hungary (to escape from the Mongols), where he was later assassinated by the Hungarian and Germans in concert. The Cumans then left Hungary, pillaging along the way and emigrated to the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]]. Some of the Cumans were later asked to come back to Hungary and help rebuild it after Mongol devastation. He was possibly the most notable of Cumans (together with Baibars). Koten was from the [[Terter dynasty|Terteroba clan]] that ruled [[Cumania]] in the late 11th century, as well as in the mid-13th century.<ref name=pavlov>{{cite book |title=Бунтари и авантюристи в средновековна България |first=Пламен |last=Павлов |chapter="Авантюристът-скит" Алдимир и Теодор Светослав |chapterurl=http://liternet.bg/publish13/p_pavlov/buntari/avantiuristyt.htm |url=http://liternet.bg/publish13/p_pavlov/buntari/content.html |publisher=LiterNet |location=Варна |year=2005 |language=Bulgarian }}</ref>
*Khan Koten's daughter, married [[Mstislav Mstislavich]], Prince of Halych (r. 1219–1228).
*Khan Koten's second daughter, married [[Narjot de Toucy (died 1241)|Narjot de Toucy]]. After her husband died, she became a nun.
*Khan Konchak (Konchek, Kumcheg - meaning 'trousers') Otrakovich, his daughter married Igor's son, prince [[Vladimir III Igorevich]] of Putivl. He was involved in wars and raids with the Russians (Prince Igor), along the Ros River, where the Cumans attacked towns belonging to the Olgovichi (the ruling dynasty of Chernigov). He defeated [[Igor Svyatoslavich]], prince of the [[Principality of Novgorod-Seversk]], the tale of which is immortalized in the Rus' epic [[The Tale of Igor's Campaign]]. He united the western and eastern Cuman-Kipchak tribes.<ref>David Nicolle, V Shpakovsky, [https://books.google.com/books?id=S7TA029vF5oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Kalka+River+1223:+Genghis+Khan%27s+Mongols+Invade+Russia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UNDvU-WkAcup7Aaq_4HgBw&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Kalka%20River%201223%3A%20Genghis%20Khan%27s%20Mongols%20Invade%20Russia&f=false Kalka River 1223: Genghis Khan's Mongols Invade Russia], p.21.</ref>
*Konchakovna (also known as Svoboda), daughter of Khan Konchek, married prince [[Vladimir III Igorevich]] of Putivl (son of [[Igor Svyatoslavich]]) in 1188.<ref name="fmg.ac">{{cite web|url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/RUSSIA,%20Rurik.htm#RostislavMikhailovichdied1263B |title=Russia Rurikid |publisher=Fmg.ac |date= |accessdate=2014-03-01}}</ref>
*Yuri, son of Khan Konchek. His name may indicate his conversion to Christianity.<ref name="Early Inner Asia pg 283">The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1 (2008), Denis Sinor, pg 282</ref>
*Khan Kobyak/Kobiak/Kopyak/Köpek ("dog" in Turkish), one of the leaders of Crimea.<ref name="books.google.co.uk">Vladimir Nabokov, [https://books.google.com/books?id=a3h9AAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=chilbuk The song of Igor's campaign: an epic of the twelfth century], p.76.</ref> He was involved in wars and raids against Prince Igor, along the Ros River, where the Cumans attacked towns belonging to the Olgovichi (the ruling dynasty of Chernigov). He also participated with Khan Konchak in an assault on Kyivan Rus’. Kobiak, Khan Konchak and other notable were routed and captured on the Khorol River in 1183/1184. He had an alliance with Igor in his feud with the son of Rostislav I.<ref name="Early Inner Asia pg 283">The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1, Denis Sinor, pg 283</ref><ref name="books.google.co.uk"/>
*IIziaslav Vladimirovich, son of prince [[Vladimir III Igorevich]] and Konchakovna (Svoboda). He was prince of Terebovl in 1210.<ref name="fmg.ac"/>
*Isac and Daniel, sons of Kobiak.<ref name="Khazaria, Kevin Alan Brook pg 181">The Jews of Khazaria, Kevin Alan Brook, pg 181</ref>
*Chilbuk: chieftain, captured Igor of Novgorod-Seversk<ref name="books.google.co.uk"/>
*Roman, son of Kza, chieftain, captured Vsevolod of Kursk.<ref name="books.google.co.uk"/>
*Khan Gzak/Gza/Kza/Koza, chieftain, father of Roman. Khan Gzak was a rival of Khan Konchek.He attacked [[Putyvl]] where Prince [[Igor Svyatoslavich]]'s army is destroyed; the prince gets wounded and captured with his son and brother. This tale is immortalized in the Rus' epic [[The Tale of Igor's Campaign]] and in [[Alexander Borodin]]'s opera [[Prince Igor]].<ref name="Early Inner Asia pg 283"/> 
*Kopti, chieftain, captured Vladimir.<ref name="books.google.co.uk"/>
*Eldechyuk: chieftain, captured Svyatoslav of Rilsk.<ref name="books.google.co.uk"/>
*Toksobich, Kolobich, Etebich, Tetrobich - Russian versions of Cuman-Kipchak chieftains captured in battle, may be any of the above forementioned or other individuals entirely. The Cuman-Kipchak base name would most likely be the equivalent of - Toks(o), Kolo, Ete, Tetr(o).<ref name="Vladimir Nabokov p.77">Vladimir Nabokov, [https://books.google.com/books?id=a3h9AAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=chilbuk The song of Igor's campaign: an epic of the twelfth century], p.77.</ref>
*Lavor/Ovlur/Vlur, possibly a kinsman, aided Igor in his escape.<ref>Vladimir Nabokov, [https://books.google.com/books?id=a3h9AAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=chilbuk The song of Igor's campaign: an epic of the twelfth century], p.130.</ref>
*Sharokan/Sharohan/Sharukan, (Cuman-Kipchak base name Sharu/Sharo), chieftain, Konchak's grandfather, who had been defeated by the Russians in a great battle on the Sula River in 1107. Called "the Old" by Russians.<ref>Vladimir Nabokov, [https://books.google.com/books?id=a3h9AAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=chilbuk The song of Igor's campaign: an epic of the twelfth century], p.118.</ref>
*Khan Ayepa, son of Osen, father in law of [[Yuri Dolgorukiy]] (a Russian Rurikid prince and founder of Moscow). His daughter married [[Yuri Dolgorukiy]]. Khan Ayepa attacked [[Volga Bulgaria]], perhaps due to an instigation of his son in law. The [[Bulgars]] in turn poisoned Ayepa and the other princes, all of which died.<ref>The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1, Denis Sinor, pg 240</ref>
*Prince Andrei I of Vladimir ([[Andrey Bogolyubsky]]). He was the son of Yuri Dolgoruki, who proclaimed Andrei a prince in Vyshhorod (near Kiev). His mother was a Polovtsian/Cuman princess, khan Aepa's/Ayepa's daughter. Andrey is beatified as a saint in Russian Orthodox Church. He was known in the West as Scythian Caesar. 
*Toglyy: Cuman chieftain during time of Igor's imprisonment.<ref name="Robert Craig Howes p.8">Robert Craig Howes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=gWRgAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Tale+of+the+Campaign+of+Igor&dq=The+Tale+of+the+Campaign+of+Igor&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CpLtU-6EFeLH7AaMn4HgAg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA The tale of the campaign of Igor: a Russian epic poem of the twelfth century], p.8.</ref>
*Sokal, Cuman chieftain who obtained a major victory against Rus' in 1061.<ref name="spinei_186">Spinei, ''The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads'', p. 116.</ref>
*Kutesk, headed the Cuman attack on Hungary in 1085-1086, coming into Hungary by a north-east route, possibly via Verecke pass.<ref>Laurențiu Rădvan, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0xNYmFwyCdkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=At+Europe%27s+Borders:+Medieval+Towns+in+the+Romanian+Principalities&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7L7lU5m8Kcip7AaCp4CIDg&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=At%20Europe%27s%20Borders%3A%20Medieval%20Towns%20in%20the%20Romanian%20Principalities&f=false At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities], p.117.</ref>
*Boricius, Cuman chieftain in Hungary, of the 4th rank of Cuman political hierarchy.<ref>Florin Curta, Roman Kovalev, ["The” Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans], p.423.</ref> 
*[[Jiajak Jaqeli]], empress consort of Alexios II of Trebizond. Jiajak (meaning 'flower') was daughter of Beka I, the Cuman [[atabeg]] of Samtskhe. The Jaqelis held the Georgian feudal office of Eristavi, which could be "governor of a region" or an "army-commander".
*Etrek/[[Otrok]]/Atraka, son of Sharokan/Sharohan/Sharukan. Otrok withdrew to the north Caucasian steppes due to the aggressive policies of [[Vladimir II Monomakh]], grand prince of [[Kievan Rus']]. Thereafter, in 1118, 40,000 Cuman troops under Otrok entered the service of the Georgian king [[David IV of Georgia]], where they helped to make Georgia the most powerful kingdom in the region.<ref name="Early Inner Asia pg 282">The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1, Denis Sinor, pg 282</ref><ref>Victor Spinei, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2vl538CMBsAC&printsec=frontcover The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-thirteenth Century], p.153.</ref>
*Princess Gurandukht, daughter of Khan [[Otrok]] of the Cumans. She married king [[David IV of Georgia]] in 1107. The marriege occurred years before  the recruitment of around 40,000 Cuman-Kipchaks in the Georgian service.  Gurandukht is a Persianate name; her original Turkic name is unknown as are the details of her life. The chronicler of king David IV praises Gurandukht's virtues and points out that the marriage helped David to secure the transfer of the Cuman-Kipchak families as allies of the Georgian crown, which in turn helped to make Georgia the most powerful kingdom in the region.
*Vakhtang, born in 1118, son of King [[David IV of Georgia]] and the Cuman princess Gurandukht, daughter of Khan [[Otrok]]. He was involved in an attempted coup against [[Demetrius I of Georgia]], his brother and heir apparent. Vakhtang was captured, blinded and cast in prison where he apparently died shortly afterwards.
*Sirchan, son of Sharokan/Sharohan/Sharukan.<ref name="Robert Craig Howes p.8"/><ref name="Robert Craig Howes p.8"/>
*Eltut, brother to Konchak/Konchek, died when the Chernigovian-Cuman army was defeated in 1180.<ref name="Robert Craig Howes p.8"/>
*Sevinch, son of Khan [[Boniak]]/Maniak. Sevinch helped [[Yuri Dolgorukiy]], grand prince of [[Kiev]], in 1151, in his struggles against other princes in the south. According to the Rus sources, Sevinch expressed his desire to "plant his sword in the golden gate of Kiev as his illustrious father had done."<ref name="Early Inner Asia pg 282"/>
*Yurgi/Yuri, occidental name of Konchak/Konchek's son, died against the Mongols at the Battle of Kalka River. He and his father Khan Konchek tried to create a more cohesive force out of the many Cuman tribes. His Russian name may indicate his conversion to Christianity.<ref name="Early Inner Asia pg 283"/>
*Asalup, his daughter married Igor's grandfather, Oleg.<ref name="Vladimir Nabokov p.77"/>
*Girgen, his granddaughter was Igor's stepmother.<ref name="Vladimir Nabokov p.77"/>
*Zeyhan/Zehanus, possible murderer of Ladislas IV.<ref>András Pálóczi-Horváth, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rAUUAQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Pechenegs, Cumans, Iasians: steppe peoples in medieval Hungary], p.54.</ref>
*Arbuz, meaning "watermelon", possible murderer of Ladislas IV.
*Turtel/Tort-oyul, meaning "five sons" possible murderer of Ladislas IV.<ref>András Pálóczi-Horváth, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rAUUAQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Pechenegs, Cumans, Iasians: steppe peoples in medieval Hungary], p.82.</ref>
*Menk/Manj, meaning "birthmark", led Bela IV's troops in 1264 against Bela's own son, Duke Stephen.<ref name="books.google.com">András Pálóczi-Horváth, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rAUUAQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Pechenegs, Cumans, Iasians: steppe peoples in medieval Hungary], p.55.</ref>
*Begovars, Cuman chieftain who led the Cumans that helped King [[Béla IV of Hungary]] with his attack on the [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia]] in 1229.<ref>Victor Spinei, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2vl538CMBsAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Romanians+and+the+Turkic+Nomads+North+of+the+Danube+Delta+from+the+Tenth&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4P3nU7mrNtTX7Ab13IDwDg&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Romanians%20and%20the%20Turkic%20Nomads%20North%20of%20the%20Danube%20Delta%20from%20the%20Tenth&f=false The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-thirteenth Century], p.156.</ref>
*Tortel/Tortul, one of the murderers of King Ladislaus IV in 1290.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vqxGWCXaMBUC&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=Cumans+and+Kipchaks:+Between+Ethnonym+and+Toponym&source=bl&ots=tFQdIH3BW5&sig=XrgoFvO1hHgk86sXCqzQjIeJl0c&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TgjbU_jVN6jN7AaMuoD4DQ&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Cumans%20and%20Kipchaks%3A%20Between%20Ethnonym%20and%20Toponym&f=false Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th PIAC], p.50.</ref>
*Uzur: a member of the Great Council at Teteny which settled the provisions of the law of 1279 regarding Cuman settlement. In preparatory discussion for this, Cuman interests were represented by Uzur and Tolon.<ref name="books.google.com"/>
*Tolon, meaning "full moon", participated with Uzur in the preparatory discussion for the Great Council at Teteny which settled the provisions of the law of 1279 regarding Cuman settlement.<ref name="books.google.com"/>
*Alpra/Al-bura (meaning "tawny colored camel", supreme Cuman commander of the 1260s and 70s, who in 1273 King Charles of Sicily admonishes to stay loyal to the Hungarian crown after the death of King Stephen.<ref name="books.google.com"/>
*Arbuz (meaning "watermelon"), possible murderer of Ladislaus IV.<ref name="books.google.com"/>
*Kemenche, meaning "little bow", possible murderer of Ladislas IV - assassination attempt on the king of Hungary; he was caught and executed.<ref name="books.google.com"/>
*Kutlu Aslan (happy lion in Turkish) - involved in Kubasar's coup.
*Kitzes, chief of the Cumans that were in a war against the [[Byzantine Empire]]. He fought a battle against emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos]] with a body of 12,000 Cumans.<ref>Paul Stephenson, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ILiOI0UgxHoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Byzantium%27s+Balkan+Frontier:+A+Political+Study+of+the+Northern+Balkans,+900-1204&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zYbeU5SFB_DH7AaiuIHwDQ&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Byzantium%27s%20Balkan%20Frontier%3A%20A%20Political%20Study%20of%20the%20Northern%20Balkans%2C%20900-1204&f=false Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900-1204], p.104.</ref> The Cumans lost the battle; Alexios had the mountain passes sealed and either massacred or captured the Cuman forces who had refused to submit.<ref>Florin Curta, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YIAYMNOOe0YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages,+500-1250&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RsTlU8WxJorF7AbE34CIDg&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Southeastern%20Europe%20in%20the%20Middle%20Ages%2C%20500-1250&f=false Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250], p.302.</ref>
*Sytzigan (from Cuman-Turkic ''Sïčğan'', "mouse"), Syrgiannes after baptism, son of a Cuman leader and member of an influential Cuman group that was present in the Byzantine court.<ref>Mark C. Bartusis, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rUs-hHd89xAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Late+Byzantine+Army:+Arms+and+Society,+1204-1453&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MdblU-PlC6HB7AaXhIHYDQ&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Late%20Byzantine%20Army%3A%20Arms%20and%20Society%2C%201204-1453&f=false The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453], p.26.</ref> Later he marries a member of the ruling Palaiologos family and before 1290 became [[Domestikos#Grand Domestic|''Megas Domestikos'']] (Commander-in-Chief of the Army), a title granted by Byzantine Emperor [[Andronikos II Palaiologos|Andronikos II]].<ref>''Byzantine Armies AD 1118-1461'', p.23, Ian Heath, 1995, [[Osprey Publishing]], ISBN 978-1-85532-347-6</ref> Sytzigan's son, [[Syrgiannes Palaiologos]] was a [[Pinkernes]] and a friend of [[Andronikos III Palaiologos]] and [[John Kantakouzenos (pinkernes)|John Kantakouzenos]].<ref>Mark C. Bartusis, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rUs-hHd89xAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Late+Byzantine+Army:+Arms+and+Society,+1204-1453&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MdblU-PlC6HB7AaXhIHYDQ&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Late%20Byzantine%20Army%3A%20Arms%20and%20Society%2C%201204-1453&f=false The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453], p.27.</ref>
*Bartz/Barc, Hungary, prince of the Cumans that settled in Hungary. Under his leadership, he and 15,000 Cumans got baptized in 1227.<ref>Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason [https://books.google.com/books?id=kfv6HKXErqAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Encyclopedia+of+European+Peoples&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Po3eU7WBBoSR7Ab3lYCIDA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Encyclopedia%20of%20European%20Peoples&f=false Encyclopedia of European Peoples], p.190.</ref>
*Membrok, Hungary, leader of the Cumans.
*Baytursun, Cuman leader, Dagestan.
*Sevinch, Dagestan - went, with 40,000 people, and the family of Artvin Trabzon, to the Byzantine Empire.
*Dobrich, Balkans, involved with establishment of the [[Dubrovnik]] (Ragusa) state in the Balkans/
*Tapar (worship in Turkish), southern modern day Russia "Direct translation from Turkish: ''the organization established the first Kipchak Kipchak lady. Longitudinal Elbörili belongs.'' 
*Şaraga (yellow hammer), Crimea - organized slave trade.
*[[Bachman Khan]], he rallied the Cuman-Kipchak clans after a Mongol surprise attack in 1237 – they hid in the forests along the Dnieper River. Khan Bachman and his ally, the [[Alans|Alan]] leader Catchar and were eventually surrounded and captured by Budjek and Mangku/Möngke/Mangku Khan. [[Möngke Khan]] demanded he kneel before him. Khan Bachman refused and said “Do you think I am a camel?” Instead of asking for mercy, Bachman asked to die by Möngke’s own hand. Instead, Möngke had Budjek kill him - by cutting him in two, possibly as insult to injury.<ref>James Chambers, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YSyFAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y The Devil's horseman: The Mongol Invasion of Europe], p.71</ref> Khan Bachman’s death was a major blow to the Cuman-Kipchaks’ fate<ref>Warriors Of The Steppe: Military History Of Central Asia, 500 Bc To 1700 Ad, Erik Hildinger, pg 134</ref>
*Sultan [[Baibars]] ("white bigcat-Siberian Tiger"/"leopard" in Turkic), fourth Sultan of Egypt from the Mamluk Bahri dynasty. He was one of the commanders of the Egyptian forces that inflicted a devastating defeat on the Seventh Crusade of King Louis IX of France. He also led the vanguard of the Egyptian army at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260,[2] which marked the second substantial defeat of the Mongol army, and is considered a turning point in history.
*Quman, a noble Bulgar.<ref>Edited by Elena V. Boikova and Rostislav B. Rybakov, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vqxGWCXaMBUC&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=Cumans+and+Kipchaks:+Between+Ethnonym+and+Toponym&source=bl&ots=tFQdIH3BW5&sig=XrgoFvO1hHgk86sXCqzQjIeJl0c&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TgjbU_jVN6jN7AaMuoD4DQ&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Cumans%20and%20Kipchaks%3A%20Between%20Ethnonym%20and%20Toponym&f=false Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th PIAC], p.48.</ref>
*Quman, a governor of Haleb (Allepo), Syria.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vqxGWCXaMBUC&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=Cumans+and+Kipchaks:+Between+Ethnonym+and+Toponym&source=bl&ots=tFQdIH3BW5&sig=XrgoFvO1hHgk86sXCqzQjIeJl0c&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TgjbU_jVN6jN7AaMuoD4DQ&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Cumans%20and%20Kipchaks%3A%20Between%20Ethnonym%20and%20Toponym&f=false Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th PIAC], p.48.</ref>
*[[Qutuz]], Sultan of Egypt (Mamluke Empire).
*Seyhan, a Cuman chieftain and father of Queen [[Elizabeth the Cuman]]. Historians point out that a charter of her father-in-law, Béla IV refers to a [[Cumans|Cuman]] chieftain Seyhan as his kinsman, implying that Seyhan was Elizabeth's father. His domains lay near the Tisza.<ref name="books.google.com"/><ref name="Kristó, Gyula 1996 P.C">(Hungarian) Kristó, Gyula; Makk, Ferenc (1996). Az Árpád-ház uralkodói [Rulers of the House of Árpád]. I.P.C. Könyvek. ISBN 963-7930-97-3, p.268.</ref><ref name="Klaniczay, Gábor 2002 p.439">Klaniczay, Gábor (2002). Holy Rulers and Blessed Princes: Dynastic Cults in Medieval Central Europe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42018-0, p.439.</ref> 
*[[Elizabeth the Cuman]], queen of Hungary in 1272-1277, during the minority of her son, King [[Ladislaus IV of Hungary]]. She was queen consort and wife of King [[Stephen V of Hungary]]. A struggle took place between her and the noble opposition, which led to her imprisonment; but supporters freed her in 1274.<ref>Július Bartl, [https://books.google.com/books?id=3orG2yZ9mBkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Slovak+History:+Chronology+%26+Lexicon&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZUrmU42QDfSS7Abw3oGYDg&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Slovak%20History%3A%20Chronology%20%26%20Lexicon&f=false Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon], p.1290.</ref> Elizabeth was the daughter of Seyhan, a Cuman chieftain.<ref name="Kristó, Gyula 1996 P.C"/><ref name="Klaniczay, Gábor 2002 p.439"/>
*[[Ladislaus IV of Hungary]], "The Cuman", son of Elizabeth the Cuman and King [[Stephen V of Hungary]]. He was the King of Hungary.
*[[Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples]], daughter of Elizabeth the Cuman and King Stephen V of Hungary. She also served as Regent in Provence in 1290-1294.
*[[Anna of Hungary (1260–1281)]], daughter of Elizabeth the Cuman and King Stephen V of Hungary.
*[[Elizabeth of Hungary, Queen of Serbia]] was one of the older children of King Stephen V of Hungary and his wife Queen [[Elizabeth the Cuman]]. She first married Zavis Vítkovci, Lord of Rosenberg, Skalitz and Falkenstein and secondly [[Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia]].
*Andrew of Hungary (1268 – 1278), son of Elizabeth the Cuman and King Stephen V of Hungary. He was the Duke of [[Slavonia]].
*[[Elizabeth of Sicily, Queen of Hungary]] ([[Elizabeth of Sicily, Queen of Hungary#Trouble with the Cumans|Trouble with Cumans]]).
*[[Catherine of Hungary, Queen of Serbia]], second daughter of Elizabeth the Cuman and King Stephen V of Hungary. She became Queen of [[Serbia]].
*[[John Hunyadi]], his name is of Cuman origin and his ancestors had Cuman names.
*[[Michael IX Palaiologos]] (17 April 1277 – 12 October 1320), son of Anna of Hungary.
*Tsar [[Ivan Asen I]] of the Second Bulgarian Empire, established the Second Bulgarian Empire, with the help of his Cuman allies. First emperor of the new empire. The [[Asen dynasty]] is of Cuman origin, as well as the [[Terter dynasty]] (which [[Koten]] was part of) and the [[Shishman dynasty]].
*[[Boril of Bulgaria]] (Boril Kaliman), 1207–1218, Second Bulgarian Empire, descended from Cumans through the Asen dynasty of Bulgaria - of Cuman origin.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27">Bulgarian Folk Customs, Mercia MacDermott, pg 27</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">István Vásáry, ''Cumans and Tatars Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans 1185-1365'', Cambridge University Press, 2005</ref>
*Everyone from the [[Sratsimir dynasty]], a medieval Bulgarian dynasty that ruled the [[Tsardom of Tarnovo]], the [[Tsardom of Vidin]], the [[Principality of Valona and Kanina]], and the Despotate of Lovech. Paternally, they descended from the [[Asen dynasty]] (of Cuman origin), and maternally, they descended from the [[Shishman dynasty]] (of Cuman origin).
*Sratsimir, of the [[Sratsimir dynasty]].
*[[Patriarch Joseph II of Constantinople]], [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople 1416-1439]], [[Sratsimir dynasty]].
*[[Fruzhin]], a 15th-century Bulgarian noble who fought actively against the Ottoman conquest of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]]. He was a son of one of Tsar Ivan Shishman.
*[[John Komnenos Asen]] (1332 – 1363), of the [[Sratsimir dynasty]].
*Alexander Komnenos Asen (1363 – 1372), of the [[Sratsimir dynasty]].
*Komnena (1372 – 1395), of the [[Sratsimir dynasty]].
*[[Helena of Bulgaria]] (1332 – 1356), of the [[Sratsimir dynasty]].
*Tsar [[Peter IV of Bulgaria]], 1186–1197, Second Bulgarian Empire.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Ivan Asen II]] of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1218–1241.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Ivan Stephen]] Shishman, of the Second Bulgarian Empire, son of Michael III Shishman.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Kaloyan]], Second Bulgarian Empire, defeated the crusaders with the help of his Cumans, captured Baldwin.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Kaliman I of Bulgaria]] (Kaliman Asen) of the Second Bulgarian Empire.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Constantine Tikh of Bulgaria]], 1257–1277.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Michael Asen I of Bulgaria]], Second Bulgarian Empire.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Michael Asen II of Bulgaria]], Second Bulgarian Empire.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Michael Asen III of Bulgaria]], Second Bulgarian Empire.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Michael Asen IV of Bulgaria]], Second Bulgarian Empire.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Kaliman Asen II of Bulgaria]], Second Bulgarian Empire.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Mitso Asen]] of the Second Bulgarian Empire.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Ivan Asen III]] of the Second Bulgarian Empire <ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[George Terter I]] of the Second Bulgarian Empire, descended from the Cuman [[Terteroba]] clan.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/> Khan [[Köten]] was probably his relative or even direct ancestor.<ref name="Павлов 2005">{{cite book|last=Павлов|first=Пламен|title=Бунтари и авантюристи в средновековна България|trans_title=Rebels and Venturers in Medieval Bulgaria|publisher=LiterNet|location=Варна|year=2005|chapter="Авантюристът-скит" Алдимир и Теодор Светослав|trans_chapter=The "Scythian Venturer" Aldimir and Theodore Svetoslav|chapterurl=http://liternet.bg/publish13/p_pavlov/buntari/avantiuristyt.htm|language=Bulgarian|isbn=954-304-152-0}}</ref> 
*Tsar [[George Terter II]] of the Second Bulgarian Empire, descended from the Cuman Terteroba clan.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*[[Aldimir]] (Bulgarian: Алдимир) or Eltimir. A member of the Terter dynasty and a younger brother of Tsar George I Terter, Aldimir was an influential local ruler as the despot of Kran. Khan [[Köten]] was probably his relative or even direct ancestor.<ref name="Павлов 2005"/> His name means "heated iron".<ref>Андреев, Йордан; Лазаров, Иван; Павлов, Пламен (1999). Кой кой е в средновековна България [Who is Who in Medieval Bulgaria] (in Bulgarian), p.9. Петър Берон. ISBN 978-954-402-047-7.</ref>
*[[Dobrotitsa]], a [[Bulgaria]]n noble, ruler of the ''[[de facto]]'' independent [[Principality of Karvuna]] and the [[Kaliakra]] fortress from 1354 to 1379–1386.<ref>The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, John V. A. Fine, John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1994, ISBN 0472082604, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&pg=PA367&dq=dobrotica+was&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4qYNU5CUAaXRywOqmYD4Dw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 367.]</ref><ref>Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365, István Vásáry, Cambridge University Press, 2005, [https://books.google.com/books?id=7DJWyg97IggC&pg=PA78&dq=dobrotica+was&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4qYNU5CUAaXRywOqmYD4Dw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 78.]</ref><ref>At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities, Laurențiu Rădvan, BRILL, 2010, ISBN 9004180109,[https://books.google.com/books?id=0xNYmFwyCdkC&pg=PA508&dq=dobrotitsa+was&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qKgNU-OgLOTmywOvyYHQBg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false P. 508.]</ref> He is considered a Bulgarian<ref>Васил Н. Златарски,'' История на българската държава през средните векове'', Част I, II изд., Наука и изкуство, София 1970.</ref> noble kindred of the [[Terter]] dynasty (from the [[Cumans|Cuman]] [[Terteroba]] clan).<ref>Г. Бакалов, ''История на българите'', Том 1, 2003, с457</ref><ref>Петър Николов, ''Сквирските князе Половци-Рожиновски — клон на династията Тертер'', online, retrieved 03-24-2007</ref>
*[[Balik (ruler)|Balik]], [[Dobrotitsa]]'s brother and a noble of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]]. He increased the autonomy of his province and became despot of the [[Principality of Karvuna]]. During the [[Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347]] he supported the regent [[Anna of Savoy]] against pretender [[John VI Kantakouzenos]]. Balik's death was in 1347, either due to an outbreak of the Black Death or being killed during a retaliation campaign led by [[Umur Beg]], on behalf of [[John V Palaiologos]], that destroyed Dobruja's seaports. He was succeeded by his brother, DObrotitsa.
*Tsar [[Michael III Shishman]] of the Second Bulgarian Empire.<ref name="Bulgarian Folk Customs pg 27"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Tsar [[Theodore Svetoslav]] of the Second Bulgarian Empire, son of George Terter I.
*Tsar [[Ivan Alexander]] of the Second Bulgarian Empire, descended of the Asen, Terter and Shishman dynasties. Was Tsar during the second golden age of Bulgaria (naphew of Michael Shishman).
*[[Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria]] (b. 1350/1351, ruled 1371&ndash;1395 in Tarnovo).
*[[Constantine II of Bulgaria|Constantine II]], 1396–1422, spent most of his life in exile. Most historians do not include him in the list of the Bulgarian monarchs.
*[[Ivan Sratsimir of Bulgaria]] (b. 1324/1325, ruled 1356&ndash;1397 [[Tsardom of Vidin|in Vidin]]).
*Belaur of Vidin, 1336 (Shishman dynasty).
*[[Constantine II of Bulgaria]] (b. early 1370s, ruled 1397&ndash;1422 in Vidin and in exile).
*[[Darman and Kudelin]] - Bulgarians of Cuman origin.
*[[Dorothea of Bulgaria|Queen Dorothea of Bosnia]].
*[[The Cuman Tsaritsa of Bulgaria]], Cuman noblewoman who subsequently married two Tsars Emperors of Bulgaria, Kaloyan of Bulgaria and Boril of Bulgaria.<ref>Greek sources of Bulgarian History, Vol. VII, Page 156, Sofia</ref>
*[[Shishman of Vidin]].
*[[Kalinikia]].{{cn|date = September 2016}}

== See also ==
* [[Cumans]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|3}}

[[Category:Cumans]]
[[Category:History of the Turkic peoples]]
[[Category:Nomadic groups in Eurasia]]
[[Category:Romania in the Early Middle Ages]]
[[Category:Moldova in the Early Middle Ages]]
[[Category:Islam in Hungary]]
[[Category:Late Byzantine-era tribes in the Balkans]]
[[Category:Medieval Ukraine]]
[[Category:Turkic tribes]]
[[Category:Lists of medieval people|Cuman]]