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  • ...liphate]], or to refer to a powerful [[governor]] of a province within the caliphate. * Certain secondary titles have a devout Islamic connotation; e.g., [[Sultan ul-Mujahidin]] as champion of [[jihad]] (to str
    20 KB (2.871 kelime) - 12:42, 25 Mart 2017
  • |p7 = Abbasid Caliphate ...ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/goldenHorde.html|title=The Islamic World to 1600: The Golden Horde|publisher=University of Calgary|year=1998|a
    108 KB (16.440 kelime) - 12:59, 25 Mart 2017
  • ...icon image|Flag of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant.svg|border}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] ...ate-capture-1433888626 |title=Iraqi City of Mosul Transformed a Year After Islamic State Capture|work=Wall Street Journal}}</ref>
    87 KB (12.605 kelime) - 22:28, 5 Eylül 2019
  • ...e has guided mankind through [[Islamic holy books|revealed scriptures]], [[Islamic view of miracles|natural signs]], and [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|a ...ance|banking]] and [[zakat|welfare]] to [[Women in Islam|women]] and the [[Islamic ethics#Environmentalism|environment]].<ref>{{Harvtxt|Esposito|2002b|p=17}}<
    170 KB (25.334 kelime) - 18:54, 25 Mart 2017
  • ...ing ambiguities and contradictions, arising from the fact that all through Islamic times the lands immediately beyond the Oxus and along its lower reaches wer ...India, and China.<ref>Ta'lim Primary 6 Parent and Teacher Guide (p.72) – Islamic Publications Limited for the Institute of Ismaili Studies London</ref> This
    61 KB (8.681 kelime) - 19:23, 25 Mart 2017
  • |p3 = Abbasid Caliphate ...]]. He destroyed the Ismaili [[Nizari]] [[Hashshashin]]s and the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] in 1256 and 1258 respectively. After that he advanced as far as Gaza, bri
    23 KB (3.245 kelime) - 11:04, 26 Mart 2017
  • ...xfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t125.e2421 "Umayyad Caliphate". Oxford Dictionary of Islam. John L. Esposito, ed. Oxford University Press ....oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t125.e400 "Caliph/Caliphate". Oxford Dictionary of Islam. John L. Esposito, ed. Oxford University Press
    150 KB (24.490 kelime) - 10:43, 4 Eylül 2019
  • ...center of Islamic power and also weakened [[Damascus]], causing a shift of Islamic influence to the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]] in [[Cairo]] ..., was sent to [[Shiraz]] to reign in 1263.<ref>{{cite web|author=Women’s Islamic Initiative in Spirituality and Equality|title=Absh Khatun|url=http://www.wi
    24 KB (3.636 kelime) - 17:55, 26 Mart 2017
  • ...ab]] control of [[Transoxiana]]. The Göktürks clashed with the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] in a series of battles (712–713) but the Arabs emerged as victors.
    23 KB (3.431 kelime) - 18:19, 26 Mart 2017
  • ...ab]] control of [[Transoxiana]]. The Göktürks clashed with the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] in a series of battles (712–713) but the Arabs emerged as victors.
    23 KB (3.431 kelime) - 18:19, 26 Mart 2017
  • ...lopædia Britannica]] article: [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-26937/Islamic-world Consolidation & expansion of the Indo-Timurids], Online Edition, 2007 ...er [[Mahmud al-Kashgari|Mahmud of Kashgar]] and various other traditional Islamic scholars and historians, the name "Turk" stems from ''Tur'', one of the son
    116 KB (16.285 kelime) - 18:30, 26 Mart 2017
  • ...area prior to the coming of the [[Muslim]] [[Arab]]s during the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] by 716 CE. The majority of the inhabitants were converted to [[Islam]] as ...ol was established by 1921 as Turkmenistan was transformed from a medieval Islamic region to a largely secularized republic within a [[totalitarian]] state. B
    34 KB (5.016 kelime) - 18:36, 26 Mart 2017
  • ...,<ref name="persianatemogul">{{cite book|title=God and Logic in Islam: The Caliphate of Reason|author=John Walbridge|page=165|quote=Persianate Mogul Empire.}}</ ...521-80904-7 | page=265}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Burjor Avari |title=Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A History of Muslim Power and Presence in the I
    62 KB (9.075 kelime) - 19:05, 26 Mart 2017
  • ...l Empire for many years.<ref>André Wink-Al-Hind, ''The Making of the Indo-Islamic World'', p.208</ref> Despite his conquests of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] and the [[Ismailis]], Möngke favored Muslim perceptions. He and Hulagu m
    40 KB (6.366 kelime) - 19:12, 26 Mart 2017
  • ...s the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]], to confront the major Islamic power.<ref name="man"/> ...r1=Ahmad Yousef al-Hassan|authorlink1=Ahmad Y. al-Hassan|title=TRANSFER OF ISLAMIC TECHNOLOGY TO THE WEST[1] PART III Technology Transfer in the Chemical Indu
    19 KB (2.958 kelime) - 19:46, 26 Mart 2017
  • ...]]' sack of [[Baghdad]] in 1258, which effectively destroyed the [[Abbasid caliphate]]. [[Cairo]] became more prominent as a result and remained a Mamluk capita ...gypt]]. In 1261, after he became a Sultan, he established a puppet Abbasid caliphate in [[Cairo]],<ref>Sultan Baibars recognized the Sovereignty of [[Al-Mustans
    24 KB (3.209 kelime) - 19:48, 26 Mart 2017
  • |combatant2=[[File:Black flag.svg|border|23px]] [[Abbasid Caliphate]] ...ef><br />2,000,000 civilians (Arab sources)<ref>''The different aspects of Islamic culture: Science and technology in Islam'', Vol.4, Ed. A. Y. Al-Hassan, (De
    23 KB (3.401 kelime) - 19:59, 26 Mart 2017
  • |p1 = Abbasid Caliphate ...of the majority of Mamlūks.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Mamluk {{!}} Islamic dynasty|url = http://www.britannica.com/topic/Mamluk|website = Encyclopædi
    113 KB (16.929 kelime) - 20:05, 26 Mart 2017
  • After the [[Abbasid caliphate]] in Iraq was overthrown by the Mongols in 1258 when they conquered and [[S ...come a vassal state of the Mongols and had participated in attacks against Islamic targets in Damascus and Syria. In 1263, Baibars laid siege to [[Acre, Israe
    32 KB (5.052 kelime) - 20:08, 26 Mart 2017
  • ...hey were popularly used as heavy knightly cavalry by a number of different Islamic kingdoms and empires, including the [[Ayyubid dynasty]] and the [[Ottoman E ...to develop in Islamic societies beginning with the ninth-century [[Abbasid Caliphate]] of [[Baghdad]]. When in the ninth century has not been determined. Up unt
    48 KB (6.912 kelime) - 21:13, 26 Mart 2017

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